Martonvásár-Győr 400 kV Transmission line

Pécs-National border (Ernestinovo) 400 kV Transmission Line Tower

Szombathely Substation Circuit Breakers

Bicske Substation

The main system of the electricity network is the transmission line system, which is characterised by 400-220 kV, in some places 120 kV high voltage transmission lines and a 750 kV transmission line as well as by transformer substations.

Electricity is sold abroad via the transmission line system. The transmission line system supplies and transfers the electrical energy generated in the power plants of the electricity system to the distribution network, through which it is forwarded to the consumers.

The distribution network supplying electricity between the transmission line system and the consumers is specifically comprised of 0.4 kV low voltage, 10 and 20 kV medium voltage and 120 kV high voltage transmission lines and underground cables as well as of transformer substations.

In transformer substations, electrical energy is transformed between different voltage levels.

With the exception of some big towns, the substations of the transmission line system are located outside residential areas, extending on several hectares of greenfield lands. The majority of the distribution network substations are located close to the consumers, within or near the limits of towns and cities.

The 21st century is characterised by the emergence of information and knowledge-based societies, the new achievements of informatics, microelectronics, the digital revolution, as well as well by increased personal demands and sustainable development.

Therefore, it is evident that people all over the world use electricity through 24 hours a day to operate household appliances (such as refrigerators, cookers, washing machines, etc.), air conditioning equipment, electric boilers, televisions, computers, smart electronic devices and to connect to the Internet. Both due to the accelerated technical development and the increasing electricity requirements, electricity supplies should be sufficient in all fields of life.

Our flats, houses and workplaces are connected to the electricity supply systems transmitting electric energy along long distances, thus enabling us to access electricity. The electricity is generated in power plants operated at the starting points of that long-distance transmission lines. The majority of the electricity generated in Hungary is produced in conventional power plants (coal, natural gas and diesel oil-fired ones) and in nuclear power plants.

The generated electricity, as shown in the following figure, is transmitted into the electricity supply system, and then forwarded to the consumers via the distribution network.

Description of the electricity supply system by means of the technologies utilising conventional energy resources

A portion of the power plants, the thermal power plants, are capable of generating heat as well. The thermal power plants and the thermal plants, capable of generating solely heat, supply heat for district and industrial heating purposes.

We provide the following services in the fields of power generation and transmission:

During investment preparations:

• Drawing up conceptual design documents which serve for the technical, financial and financing preparations of the projects,
• preparing feasibility studies,
• conducting environmental impact assessments, inspections, drawing up studies,
• conducting site surveys,
• drawing up business plans, conducting financing analyses,
• conducting technical condition surveys.

During project implementation preparations:

• Preparing strategic decision-support studies in the implementation phase,
• preparing organizational plans,
• conducting official permit procedures and preparing the associated documentation,
• conducting bidding procedures, preparing tender documents,
• carrying out contract negotiations.

During implementation:

• Performing project management activities – time schedule monitoring, drawing up completion certificates, review of the compliance between financial and
• technical completions, problem management,
• performing design reviews,
• conducting inspections during manufacturing processes,
• carrying out on-site technical inspections,,
• coordinating and leading commissioning activities,
• conducting handing over – acceptance procedures,
• drawing up periodic and final reports,
• preparing and conducting guarantee measurements (in terms of energetic and environmental parameters)

Other services

• providing engineering services for banks,
• performing customs clearances,
• determining the power engineering parameters (performance, power efficiency, etc.) and environmental parameters (emissions, noise) of power facilities by our accredited Measurement Laboratory.

Nuclear reactor and the Cherenkov radiation

Paks Nuclear Power Plant

The nuclear reactor hall of Paks Nuclear Power Plant

The turbine hall of Paks Nuclear Power Plant

Nuclear power plants generate approximately 16 % of the electricity generated at present in the World. Therefore there is no doubt that nuclear power plants are indispensable in supplying electricity and may have a major role in the future in mitigating the carbon dioxide emissions associated with electricity generation.

Approximately 50% of the electricity generated in Hungary is provided by the 2000 MWePaks Nuclear Power Plant. In addition to the internationally recognized high safety culture and the almost carbon dioxide emissions-free and economic electricity generation, the capacity utilisation rate of the Paks Nuclear Power Plant is one of the best ones in the world.

The use of nuclear power is justified based on the following arguments:
safe operation is ensured by the strict official supervision and the regular inspections and checks performed by international inspection bodies,
elaborated technology with high operational safety and availability,
one of the most economically operating types of power plants,
good production planning possibilities and plant operation that are independent of the weather conditions and the time of day,
almost carbon dioxide emissions-free operation without dust, fly ash and greenhouse gases emissions
simple fuel supply and storage possibilities. A medium-sized building can accommodate an amount of fuel sufficient for several years, thus mitigating the energy import dependency of Hungary.
the storage and disposal of radioactive wastes is regulated and controlled by official bodies.

Kangal Thermal Power Plant (Turkey)

Mátra Power Plant

Dunamenti Power Plant

Vértes Power Plant

In conventional power plants, by firing fossil fuels (coal, oil and natural gas), high-pressure steam is generated in boilers, which drive a turbine. The turbine is connected to a generator, which generates electricity. The electricity is transmitted into the power grid via an electric current transformer.

Among others, state-of-the-art examples for the conventional power generating technology are the open cycle or combined cycle gas turbine power plant units. The gas turbine, where thermal energy is converted into mechanical energy during the combustion of the fuel (natural gas or oil), drives the power generator rotated on a common shaft with the gas turbine.

While in case of open cycle units, the flue gases generated in the gas turbine are exhausted directly into the atmosphere, in case of combined cycle units the thermal energy of the flue gases is directed into a so called heat recovery steam generator (HRSG), where steam, capable of driving the steam turbine-generator set, is generated.

A state-of-the-art combined cycle gas turbine power plant unit may even achieve 60% electrical efficiency.

The open cycle gas turbine power plant units may be started up very quickly, and thus, in case of disturbances power losses may be compensated within a short time.

Recently, the technologies used in coal fired power plants have largely developed. The state-of-the-art units may achieve efficiencies of more than 42% by meeting the strict environmental protection requirements.

Boilers of the Diósgyőr Thermal Plant

Boiler house of the Dunaújváros Thermal Plant

North-Buda Thermal Power Plant

A gas engine in the Tatabánya Thermal Power Plant

You may also have already experienced what a good feeling is to arrive at your well-tempered home in some cold winter days. We might be grateful for this good feeling to the thermal plants supplying heat via the district heating systems connected to several hundred thousands of flats.

The most widely used thermal plants are operated with natural gas and biomass, however, many of them are fired with coal, oil and wastes as well.

The thermal plants generate thermal energy. Through extensive pipeworks and heat centres, the flats are heated and provided with sanitary hot water by means of this thermal energy.

Today, the most heat centres are connected to remote monitoring systems, and the flats may also be subjected to automatic temperature control.

A portion of the thermal plants may generate electricity in addition to thermal energy by means of gas engine units and conventional turbine-generator sets. These are the so called thermal power plants.

The thermal plants have the big advantage of exhausting the flue gases generated during the combustion of fuels in a controlled manner, through a single stack, thus eliminating the use of thousands of fuming chimneys connected to individual household heating appliances.

Nowadays, thermal plants operated with renewable energy sources are also preferred. In these plants, specifically biomass (wood chops) or geothermal energy are utilised from the locally available resources.

Budapest Waste Incineration Plant (HUHA)

Bag-type filter of the Budapest Waste Incineration Plant

Boilers of the Budapest Waste Incineration Plant

Control Room of the Budapest Waste Incineration Plant

Our way of life generates big volumes of wastes. The problems arising in connection with these big volumes of wastes accumulated in residential communities are well-known in cases where waste management does not work.

In the waste incineration plants, heat and electrical energy are generated during the incineration of the waste. The plants may use both municipal and selected waste during the incineration process. Simultaneously with heat and electricity generation, exhaust gases are generated through combustion process, which are exhausted into the atmosphere in a controlled manner, via a cleaning equipment. The residues (ash and fly ash) are disposed in the landfill also in a controlled manner as per their composition. The volume of the residues generated during the incineration is approximately one-twentieth of the volume of the original wastes, therefore the area required in the landfill for the disposal of the waste is considerably smaller.

Thus, by means of the waste management procedure
environmental pollution is mitigated, as the limit values are strictly observed during the waste incineration process,
the use of natural resources is reduced.
In line with the above, waste incineration plants play an important role in supplying the adjacent residential areas with district heat.